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Acronym/Abbreviation

bit [b]
bits per second [bps]
calculations per second [cps]
Optical Carrier (OC)
Digital Signal (DS)
Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)
Terminal (T)
Synchronous Optical NETwork/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH)
Ethernet [E]
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Home Area Network (HAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-Employee (B2E)
Factory-to-Consumer (F2C)
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
Off-the-Shelf (OTS)
FLOPS (or flops or flop/s) is an acronym meaning FLoating point Operations Per Second.
Hz (or hertz) is a measure of frequency per unit of time, or the number of cycles per second.
Flow (or packet flow)[flows per hour] is a sequence of packets from a source computer to a destination, which may be another host, a multicast group, or a broadcast domain.

Computing performance

kiloFLOP = 1,000 (10³) cps
megaFLOP = 1,000,000 (10⁶) cps
gigaFLOP = 1,000,000,000 (10⁹) cps
teraFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000 (10¹²) cps
petaFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁵) cps
exaFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁸) cps
zettaFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²¹) cps
yottaFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²⁴) cps
brontoFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²⁷) cps
geopFLOP = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10³⁰) cps
TOP 500- Supercomputer Sites

Electrical data rates

Light

Light travels at 186,283 miles per second (300,000 kilometers per second).
A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, about 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers).

Number of IP addresses

IPv4 [32 bit address] = 4,294,967,296 (2³²)
IPv6 [128 bit address] = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (2¹²⁸) or 3.402824x10³⁸

Optical data rates

Time

Second [s] The base unit of time
Minute (1 min = 60 s)
Hour (1 h = 60 min = 3.6 ks)
Julian day (1 d = 24 h = 86.4 ks)
Week (7 d = 604.8 ks)
Julian year (1 a = 365.25 d = 31.5576 Ms)
Decade (10 years/annum)
Century (100 annum = 3.15576 Gs)
Millennium (1 ka = 31.5576 Gs)

Yottasecond [Ys]=(10^-24), 1 septillion seconds, is equal to roughly 32 quadrillion years
Zettasecond [Zs]=(10^-21), 1 sextillion seconds, is equal to roughly 32 trillion years
Exasecond [Es]=(10^-18), 1 quintillion seconds, is equal to 32 billion years
Petasecond [Ps]=(10^-15), 1 quadrillion seconds, is equal to about 32 million years
Terasecond [Ts]=(10^-12), 1 trillion seconds, or roughly 31,700 years
Gigasecond [Gs]=(10^-9), 1 billion seconds, or roughly 31.7 years
Megasecond [Ms]=(10^-6), 1 million seconds, or roughly 11.6 days
Kilosecond [ks]=(10^-3), 1000 seconds, or 16 minutes, 40 seconds
Hectosecond [hs](10^-2), 100 seconds, or 1 minutes, 40 seconds
Decasecond [das](10^-1), 10 seconds
      (+) Positive powers (+)
Second [s]=(10⁰)
      (-) Negitive powers (-)
Decisecond [ds}=(10^-1)
Centisecond [cs]=(10^-2)
Millisecond [ms]=(10^-3)
Microsecond [μs]=(10^-6)
Nanosecond [ns]=(10^-9)
Picosecond [ps]=(10^-12)
Femtosecond [fs]=(10^-15)
Attosecond [as]=(10^-18)
Zeptosecond [zs]=(10^-21)
Yoctosecond [ys]=(10^-24)
Planck time [tp]=(10^-44) Theoretically, this is the smallest time measurement that will ever be possible

Values

bit [b]= is either a "1" or a "0"
nibble= 4 bits
byte= 8 bits
word or wyde= 16 bits
double word or tetrabyte= 32 bits
paragraph/quad word or octabyte= 64 bits
qubit = Quantum Computing equivalent of a bit
qutrit = Quantum Computing equivalent of a trit

Ten (10¹)
Hundred (10²)
Thousand (10³)
Million (10⁶)
Billion (10⁹)
Trillion (10¹²)
Quadrillion (10¹⁵)
Quintillion (10¹⁸)
Sextillion (10²¹)
Septillion (10²⁴)
Octillion (10²⁷)
Nonillion (10³⁰)
Decillion (10³³)
Undecillion (10³⁶)
Duodecillion (10³⁹)
Tredecillion (10⁴²)
Quat(t)uordecillion (10⁴⁵)
Quindecillion (10⁴⁸)
Sexdecillion (10⁵¹)
Septendecillion (10⁵⁴)
Octodecillion (10⁵⁷)
Novemdecillion (10⁶⁰)
Vigintillion (10⁶³)
Centillion (10³⁰³)

centibyte [CB] = (10^-2) byte
decibyte = (10^-1) byte
byte (or octet) base [B] = 8 bits (10⁰)
dekabyte [DB] = 10 (10¹)
hectobyte = 100 (10²)
kilobyte [kB] = 1000 (10³)
megabyte [MB] = 1,000,000 (10⁶)
gigabyte [GB] = 1,000,000,000 (10⁹)
terabyte [TB] = 1,000,000,000,000 (10¹²)
petabyte [PB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁵)
exabyte [EB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁸)
zettabyte [ZB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²¹)
yottabyte [YB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²⁴)
brontobytes [BB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²⁷)
geopbytes [GeB] = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10³⁰)

kibibyte [KiB] = 1024 (2¹⁰)
mebibyte [MiB] = 1,048,576 (2²⁰)
gibibyte [GiB] = 1,073,741,824 (2³⁰)
tebibyte [TiB] = 1,099,511,627,776 (2⁴⁰)
pebibyte [PiB] = 1,125,899,906,842,624 (2⁵⁰)
exbibyte [EiB] = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 (2⁶⁰)
zebibyte [ZiB] = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 (2⁷⁰)
yobibyte [YiB] = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2⁸⁰)

Disk File Systems-
btrfs:
exFAT:
ext2:
ext3:
      Maximum File Size: 2TB
      Maximum File System Size: 16TB
ext4:
      Maximum File Size: 16TB
      Maximum File System Size: 1EB
FAT:
FAT12:
FAT16:
FAT32:
      Maximum number of files: 268,435,437
      Maximum file size: 4GB
      Maximum number of files per directory: up to 65,535, or less depending on file names
Files-11:
HFS and HFS+:
HPFS:
ISO 9660:
JFFS2:
JFS:
MFS:
NTFS:
      Maximum number of files: 4,294,967,295
      Maximum file size: 16TB currently (16EB theoretically)
ReiserFS and UDF:
SquashFS:
UBIFS:
UFS:
Veritas File System:
VMFS:
XFS:
      Maximum File Size: 8EB
      Maximum File System Size: 16EB
YAFFS:
ZFS:
      Maximum Number of Files: 256 Quadrillion ZB
      Maximum File Size: 16EB

Wireless data rates

United States Frequency Allocation Chart- The Radio Spectrum

Mobile OS's

Android
Blackberry OS
iOS
MeeGo
Linux
Pocket PC
Sailfish OS
Symbian
Ubuntu
WebOS
Windows Mobile
Windows Phone

More to come. . . .